Tumiran , Tumiran, Bahtiar Siregar, Sakban Lubis, M. Yunan Harahap, and Mhd. Habibu Rahman. 2026. “AI-Driven Islamic Classroom Management in the Digital Era: The Roles of Neuro-Pedagogy, Spiritual Intelligence, and Innovative Teaching Performance”. Qubahan Academic Journal 6 (2):191-205. https://doi.org/10.48161/qaj.v6n2a2072.