Qubahan Academic Journal

The Role of Employee Compensation on Organizational Productivity among Small Business in Banadir Region, Mogadishu, Somalia

2025-03-24T14:50:11+00:00

This study investigates the role of employee compensation, specifically incentives and overtime payments, in organizational productivity among small businesses in Mogadishu, Somalia. It aims to assess how these compensation strategies influence employee motivation and productivity, offering insights for small business owners to enhance their performance. A descriptive research design was used, with data collected from 200 employees in small businesses via simple random sampling. Descriptive statistics, Multiple Regression and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) path analyses were conducted using SPSS Version 20 to analyze the relationship between incentives, overtime payments, and productivity. The findings show that 75% of respondents believe that incentives enhance productivity (mean = 4.01, p < 0.05), while 76% agree that overtime payments play a vital role (mean = 4.0, p < 0.05). The regression analysis confirmed that both incentives (β = 0.208, p < 0.05) and overtime payments (β = 0.478, p < 0.05) significantly predicted productivity. This study concludes that fair and performance-driven compensation systems, including incentives and overtime pay, are crucial for motivating employees and enhancing productivity in small businesses. By proving the link between fair compensation and productivity, this study provides small business owners with tangible recommendations to increase efficiency and retain talent, even in difficult economic times. Small businesses recommend transparent performance-based compensation systems, regularly review pay structures, and incorporate non-monetary rewards to address diverse employee preferences. This study provides practical insights, its small sample size and reliance on self-reported data are its limitations. Future research should explore additional compensation components and use larger and more diverse samples. This study provides insights by examining how incentives for workers and overtime payments influence productivity in Mogadishu's small enterprises. This study adds value by focusing on small businesses in Mogadishu and offering new insights into compensation strategies in resource-constrained environments.

The Role of School Geography Curricula in Forming Students’ Geopolitical Awareness

2025-10-09T08:48:28+00:00

Geopolitical awareness of high school students plays a key role in developing their critical thinking, patriotism, and understanding of global and regional processes. The school geography curriculum of Kazakhstan includes a section on geopolitics, which reflects the importance of studying this topic in the country's educational system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the content of school geography programs in the context of their influence on the formation of geopolitical awareness of students. For the study, a survey was conducted among 203 high school students in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. The results show that the inclusion of geopolitics in the school curriculum contributes to a better understanding of international relations, the strategic position of Kazakhstan and its role in the world arena. However, the analysis revealed certain problems, including limited use of interactive methods, poor relevance of the material to current events, and significant differences in the level of geopolitical awareness between students in urban and rural schools. The article offers recommendations for the further development and improvement of educational approaches within the framework of the topic "Geopolitics". This study is original in that it represents one of the first systematic examinations of how Kazakhstan’s secondary education system integrates geopolitics into the curriculum and how this affects students’ geopolitical understanding. By addressing the existing research gap in geopolitics education in Kazakhstan an area rarely explored in comparative educational research it provides empirical evidence on curriculum effectiveness and student awareness. The findings not only inform local educational reforms but also offer valuable insights for the global academic community, illustrating how geopolitics education can shape youth perspectives on national identity and global interdependence. This study fills a research gap in geopolitics education by examining how Kazakhstan’s school curriculum develops students’ geopolitical awareness. Using textbook analysis and a survey of 203 students, it identifies key strengths and challenges in teaching practices. The results offer practical insights for improving geography education and inform policy development in Kazakhstan and beyond.

Job Autonomy and Supervisor Support in Employee Retention: Mediating role of Work-Life Balance in Banking Sector

2025-09-02T15:42:02+00:00

The aim of this research is to consider how job autonomy and supervisor support impact on employee retention, with mediating role of work life balance. A comparative quantitative approach was assumed for this study by using empirical data of 379 bank employees in Pakistan. SPSS and AMOS were used for data analysis to test the relationships proposed hypotheses. The findings indicate that both job autonomy and supervisor support have strong positive associations with employee retention. Work-life balance mediates these relationships, underscoring its centrality to the improvement of retention. The research adds to the literature by linking organizational support structures with outcomes on an individual level, enriching theory development in work-life balance. From a practical viewpoint, our results indicate organizations need to develop autonomy, supervisory support, and family-friendly policies when it comes to retaining their best employees. Such lessons have specific implications for managers and policy makers when it comes to sustainable workforce strategies in competitive service sectors. Moreover, the research has wider social significance in promoting employee well-being as a means of achieving sustainable economic development. Organizations that make supportive and flexible working environments are not only helping to retain their workers, but also build healthier, more productive societies.

The Contribution of Financial Control to Improve Financial Governance: The Case of the Moroccan Court of Auditors

2025-03-25T17:57:55+00:00

The Court of Auditors plays a crucial role in improving financial governance. Through its audit and monitoring activities, the Court ensures transparency, accountability, and sound financial management. By examining financial reports and conducting in depth investigations, the Court assesses whether public resources are used efficiently and in compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. This article provides an overview of the Court's role and highlights its key functions in improving financial governance in Morocco, while also exploring the challenges and limitations it faces in fulfilling its mandate. Our aim is to understand and analyse the tasks performed by the Court of Auditors in public bodies and to assess the effectiveness of these tasks in improving the management of public entities and financial governance. This is achieved through documentary research that reviews relevant theories on financial governance, analyses reports published by the Court of Auditors, and examines surveys conducted by international organizations on the mission and impact of the Court of Auditors. By comparing these sources, we aim to provide a comprehensive assessment of the Court's contributions and its role in enhancing governance practices. The value of our research lies in its detailed examination of the role of the Court of Auditors in improving financial governance within public entities. We not only study the scope of its control mechanisms but also analyse the practical impact of its recommendations on public institutions. This research further evaluates the significance and effectiveness of the Court’s mission in fostering accountability, preventing financial mismanagement, and strengthening institutional integrity. Additionally, we consider the evolving legal and institutional landscape that influences the Court’s operations and effectiveness.

Assessing the Future of HRM: Exploring the Transformative Role of Artificial Intelligence in Realizing the UAE's Vision 2031 for AI-Driven Human Resources Practices

2025-07-01T21:59:42+00:00

The current research was set to investigate the indirect impact of the adoption of AI in the UAE on AI-driven human resource management through the mediation of the Technology Acceptance Model. A total of 171 surveys were found to be valid and usable after being collected from human resource professionals working in both the Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure and the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratization. We tested the hypotheses using SmartPLS4 software through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The research reported that AI adoption positively and significantly affects human resource management practices within the UAE. In addition, it had a great positive impact on the perceived usefulness and ease of use of AI in the UAE. Perceived ease of use, in turn, had a significant and positive impact on the attitude of users toward use and on perceived usefulness. Therefore, perceived usefulness had a substantial positive impact on attitudes and behavioral intentions of users in the use of AI technology. That is, user intentions significantly impacted the AI-driven HRM practices relating to the deployment of AI technology. So, the Technology Acceptance Model played a key role, leading to a notable indirect influence on AI-driven HRM practices in the UAE. Therefore, the integration of AI technology into human resources management has taken place.

Gamification of the Google Classroom Educational Platform as a Tool for Developing Students Teamwork Skills

2025-03-24T15:14:36+00:00

The article presents an experimental study on the effectiveness of gamification in the Google Classroom educational platform for developing students' teamwork skills. The research was conducted at Osh State University with 80 first-year Computer Science and Engineering students divided into experimental and control groups. The theoretical foundations of educational process gamification are examined, and a model of a gamified educational environment has been developed and tested, including a system of achievements, team ratings, and multi-component assessment. Methodologically, the study employed a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative assessment through standardized psychometric instruments with qualitative analysis of interviews and focus groups. Statistical analysis included Student's t-tests for between-group comparisons, repeated measures ANOVA for tracking developmental dynamics, multiple regression analysis (R² = 0.67) for determining predictor significance, and structural equation modeling (χ² = 67.35, df = 42, RMSEA = 0.047) to validate causal relationships. Effect sizes (Cohen's d ranging from 1.82 to 2.75) were calculated to assess practical significance. The effectiveness of the model has been experimentally confirmed, showing increased student engagement, improved team interaction, and enhanced digital competences. Research limitations and directions for further model development are identified. Practical recommendations for implementing gamification elements in various educational contexts are presented. The study demonstrates the potential of gamification as a tool for developing soft skills in the context of digital transformation of education.

The Role of Audit Report Readability in Linking Management Characteristics to Corporate Sustainability Performance: A Study of Indonesian SOEs

2025-05-09T20:51:46+00:00

Corporate Sustainability Performance has become a primary focus in light of the growing demands for transparency and accountability. Subsequently, the role of management characteristics (MC) and Audit Report Readability (ARR) is becoming increasingly critical in generating sustainability value. This study aimed to examine the effect of management characteristics on Corporate Sustainability Performance (CSP) with ARR as a mediating variable. The research sample consisted of 120 observations on 20 non-financial State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2018–2023 period. Using a quantitative approach with the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method, this study found that management characteristics did not have a significant direct effect on CSP. However, the effect became significant through the full mediation of ARR. The test results showed that management characteristics had a positive and significant effect on ARR, and ARR had a significant positive effect on CSP. This indicates that the readability of audit reports is a key factor that bridges the relationship between management and sustainability performance. This research offers a new perspective in the context of corporate sustainability by highlighting the importance of financial reporting transparency and accountability in improving corporate sustainability performance. This research emphasizes the need for companies to improve the quality of information through the ARR reports to build stakeholder trust and support sustainability.

Applied Data Science for Exploring Technological Advancements and Innovations Affecting Green Logistics Management: A Case Study Logistics Enterprises in Vietnam

2025-05-24T18:55:13+00:00

Technological advancements and innovations are pivotal in transforming green logistics management by enhancing efficiency, sustainability, and environmental responsibility. As the logistics sector evolves, digitalization, automation, and intelligent logistics solutions are key enablers of green supply chain practices. Therefore, the study's objective is to explore the critical factors influencing the green logistics management of enterprises, evaluate the role of specific technologies in supporting sustainable logistics operations and propose policy recommendations for enhancing green logistics management. Formal study methods based on quality and quantitative surveys were used in four Provinces in Vietnam, from the 800 logistics managers interviewed using the questionnaire and processed using SPSS 20.0 and Amos. The findings reveal that technological readiness and internal capabilities are the most influential factors, whereas regulatory pressure plays a secondary role, differing from patterns observed in developed countries. Finally, the authors proposed specific policy recommendations tailored for Vietnam, emphasizing government incentives for digital transformation, sustainable sourcing, and waste minimization; moreover, this model can be used in developing countries or other countries to research and evaluate the impact of factors on green logistics management. Green logistics management has become a global trend, and policy recommendations have been applied to better manage environmental issues toward green growth and sustainable development. Businesses in the transportation sector are not only looking at economic benefits but also aiming to change their operating models to ensure sustainability for the entire planet. This study reinforces the urgent need for strategic investments in emerging technologies to enhance green logistics management in Vietnam and other developing economies.

Leadership and Job Demands on Managerial Decision-Making Effectiveness through Emotional Exhaustion in the Aviation Industry

2025-09-16T22:52:33+00:00

The aim of the study is to investigate the contribution of ethical leadership and job demands to the development of managerial decision-making effectiveness in the aviation sector, based on Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model. Although research has been conducted in relation to leadership and stress independently, there is still a need for research to investigate the integration of the two concepts and their resulting influence on managerial decision-making effectiveness in the aviation industry. Job resources are conceptualized as ethical skilled leadership to improve the quality of decisions made, and job demands are defined as stressors that poor decision-making abilities of managers. Emotional exhaustion is found to be the mediate procedure on that such dynamics are operated. The structured survey was conducted among aviation managers and supervisors (N = 232), and the analysis conducted with the help of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using software SmartPLS version 4. The findings shows that ethical leadership has a great and indirect effect on the effectiveness in decision making among managers by reducing the emotional exhaustion. The latter when compared to job demand affect the effectiveness of decision making in the opposite and negative way, and emotional exhaustion is the significant moderator which can explain the effects of stress on performance. These results provide empirical support for the JD-R framework in a safety-sensitive industry and for the two ways in which organizational resources and stressors may affect managerial results. This study extends previous literature by combining ethical leadership and job demands as the key factors explaining the role of psychological resources and stressors in effective decision making in aviation management. Policy implications include leadership development, workload control, and well-being initiatives to protect effective decision-making in aviation organizations.

The Role of Education in Shaping Sustainable Finance and Environment Relationships in MENA Countries

2025-07-23T21:05:07+00:00

Education can play a vital role in moderating the Financial Development (FD), Energy Consumption (EC), and the environment nexus as per the Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 13. Thus, the aim of this research is to explore such linkages in the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in 15 MENA economies for the period 1999-2022. For this purpose, Cross-Sectional Dependence (CD) econometric techniques are applied. The CD is validated in the individual series and in the hypothesized models as well. The cointegration is also validated in the models. Moreover, the EKC is supported in the MENA region in the regression results. In the long and short run, FD and education reduce carbon emissions, and EC raises them. Moreover, education moderates the connection between FD and emissions. Thus, education helps to enhance the environmental benefits of FD. However, education could not moderate the impact of EC on emissions. These results suggest enhancing financial and environmental literacy to support a sustainable environment in the MENA region.

Determinants of Self-Actualization Among Gen Z: The Mediating Role of Digital Literacy

2025-08-30T12:17:17+00:00

Self-actualization, which Maslow [1] described as the highest of human desires, is still a powerful but dynamic concept in the digital age. This study aims to ascertain whether digital literacy aids in the growth of self-actualization in Generation Z and the ways in which self-actualization is influenced by three personal capacities: career aspirations, moral metacognition, and cognitive flexibility. To the best of the researcher's knowledge, this subject of study is currently under studied in the available literature. The study entailed data collection from 620 Gen Z participants who were digitally literate and frequent users of the internet and other related technology. We used Smart PLS 4.0's Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the intricate correlations between these variables. The findings prove positive relation between the variables and imply that self-actualization is not solely predicted by professional goals; digital literacy acts as a mediator. These results point to the critical role that digital skills play in determining Gen Z's life goals and personal development. They also pave the way for further study of new literacies, like AI literacy, as well as workplace elements like motivation and job satisfaction.

Charting the Role of Green Work Engagement and Individual Green Values on Achieving Sustainable Performance in Automotive Industry: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

2025-05-01T18:52:38+00:00

Sustainability ameliorates the needs of present scenario without compromising the future generation as it constantly evolving. The study is focused on scrutinizing the relationships between “Green Innovation” (GIV), “Green Organizational Culture” (GOC), “Employee Green Behavior” (EGB), and “Sustainable Performance” (SP), with “Individual Green Values” (IGV) as a moderator and “Green Work Engagement” (GWE) as a mediator. This research incorporates primary data had been collected from a pool of employees working for automotive firms. Data were gathered from 370 employees in diverse automotive companies employing a 27-item questionnaire. "Structural equation modeling" (SEM) was utilized to examine the hypotheses. Since it has been postulated in the hypothesized model, the results prove that GWE has partial mediations on GIV, GOC, and employee behavior toward organizational sustainability. Interestingly, it was established that the moderation effect held for individual green values contributed to the enhancement of the optimistic effect of GWE as detected from the study among employees with strong green values. These outcomes will be beneficial for theoretical and practical approaches. In theoretical terms, the study advances knowledge about how green initiatives operate to produce substantive levels of sustainability via the mediating construct of GWE. In a practical sense, the results guide automotive businesses that desire to improve the sustainability of their operations. GIV emerged as the strongest predictor of SP. The research also suggests that individual green values of organization's employees are identified and harnessed, to improve employees' involvement in supporting the organization's sustainable performance.

Educational Model of Stunting Prevention Increases Awareness as a Result of the Development of the Integrated Eight Actions: SEM Analysis

2025-10-04T18:58:31+00:00

This study examines how Educational Model of Stunting Prevention Increases Awareness as a Result of the Development of the Integrated Eight Actions. The aim is to identify Integrated Eight Action Development Model in Stunting Prevention by Raising Awareness. Methodologically, this paper adopted an observational study approach, referring to the Eight Integrated Actions Model, which was used to assess the awareness of patient families and communities in stunting prevention. Data were collected using a Likert-scale assessment instrument and reviewed to determine its usefulness in standardizing documentation of the Eight Integrated Actions elements. Analysis with SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares) The findings confirmed that all Integrated Eight Actions Model-based Prevention dimensions such as Situation Analysis (β = 0.572; p = 0.042 vs. p<0.05), Activity plan (β = 0.659; p = 0.041 vs. p<0.05 ), Stunting discussion forum (β = 0.729; p = 0.031 vs. p<0.05), Regent/Mayor regulation on the role of village (β = 0.570; p = 0.012 vs. p<0.05), Coaching (β = 0.769; p = 0.044 vs. p<0.05), Data management system (β = 0.669; p = 0.023 vs. p<0.05), Stunting measurement and Publication (β = 0.689; p = 0.017 vs. p<0.05), to Performance review (β = 0.709; p = 0.016 vs. p<0.05) statistically contributed positively to the outcome. The study concludes convincingly proves that the Integrated Eight Actions Model-based Prevention produces a significant correlation in increasing patient and community awareness, simultaneously.