Lived Experiences of Repeat Crime Offenders: A Phenomenological Untold Stories
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48161/qaj.v1n4a84Keywords:
Phenomenological Study, Lived Experiences, Repeat Offenders, Untold StoriesAbstract
Recidivism is an offense committed by a person who at the time of his trial for one crime has been previously convicted by a final judgment of another crime. From this perspective, the researchers are interested to explore the lived experiences and untold stories of repeat offenders. The study focuses on three parts; the informants’ experiences in the pillars of the criminal justice system; the impacts of incarceration on the lives of the offender; and the reasons for reoffending. A qualitative research design using a phenomenological approach was used in the conduct of the study through an in-depth interview with the informants. The sample informants which comprises of ten recidivists and inmates of selected city jails Negros Occidental, Philippines participated in the interview through purposive sampling using the inclusion criteria set by the researchers. The data was collected using audiotaping of interviews. Audiotapes were then transcribed where data from transcriptions were analyzed to describe the richness of the informants’ experiences. Out of the transcribed and analyzed data, six major themes emerged. The Cry of the Suspect, Light within the Darkness, You Reap what you Sow, Blessing in Disguise, Many are Bad Associates But Few are Good Mentors, and Corruption of the Mind. Key findings from the study suggest coordination and cooperation among the pillars of the criminal justice system come up with a very comprehensive and sustainable rehabilitation program with proper and effective implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Thereby, recommendations for change are provided in the emerging themes to address the phenomenon.
Downloads
References
Adegoke, N. (2014). Preventing Recidivism in Nigerian Prisons through Provision of Educational Facilities: Experiencing National Open University of Nigeria Prisons’ Special Centers. African Resources Development Journal, 17.
Agnew, Robert. (2006). General Strain Theory: Current Status and Directions for Further Research in Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory. Edited by Francis T. Cullen, John P. Wright, and Kristie R. Blevins. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Akers, R. L. (1997). Criminological theories: Introduction and evaluation. (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Rojtbury.
Akers, R. L. (1998). Social learning and social structure: A general theory of crime and deviance. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
Baay, P., Liem, M. & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2012). “Ex-Imprisoned Homicide Offenders: Once Bitten, Twice Shy?” The Effect of the Length of Imprisonment on Recidivism for Homicide Offenders. Homicide Studies, 16(3), 259-279.
Becker, H. S. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance. New York: The Free Press.
Bernburg, J. G. & Thorlindsson, T. (2005). Violent values, conduct norms, and youth aggression: A multilevel study in Iceland. Sociological Quarterly, 46(3), 457-478.
Bernburg, J. G. (2009). Labeling theory.In G. P. Krohn, M.D, Lizotte, A.J. &Hall (Ed.).Handbook on Crime and Deviance, pp. 187–208.
Bernburg, J. G., Krohn, M. D. & Rivera, C. J. (2006). Official labeling, criminal embeddedness, and subsequent delinquency: A longitudinal test of labeling theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 43(1), 67-88.
Bernburg, J. G., Thorlindsson, T. & Sigfusdottir, I. D. (2009). The neighborhood effects of disrupted family processes on adolescent substance use. Social Science & Medicine, 69(1), 129-137.
Blokland, A. A.& Nieuwbeerta, P. (2005). The effects of life circumstances on longitudinal trajectories of offending. Criminology, 43(4), 1203-1240.
Bromley, R. D. & Nelson, A. L. (2002). Alcohol-related crime and disorder across urban space and time: evidence from a British city. Geoforum, 33(2), 239-254.
Cale, J., Plecas, D., Cohen, I. M.& Fortier, S. (2010). An exploratory analysis of factors associated with repeat homicide in Canada. Homicide Studies, 14(2), 159-180.
Chappell, A. T. & Piquero, A. R. (2004).Applying social learning theory to police misconduct. Deviant Behavior, 25(2), 89-108.
Colaizzi, P. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist’s view it. In R. Vale & M. King (Eds.), Existential–phenomenological alternatives for psychology. New York.
Cullen, F. T. & Agnew, R. (2011).Criminological theory: Past to present: Essential Readings. Oxford University Press.
Dako-Gyeke, M. & Baffour, F. D. (2016). We are like devils in their eyes: Perceptions and experiences of stigmatization and discrimination against recidivists in Ghana. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 55(4), 235-253.
Dela Fuente, J.A. (2019). Driving Forces of Students’ Choice in Specializing Science: A Science Education Context in the Philippines Perspective. The Normal Lights, 13(2), 225-250.
Dela Fuente, J.A. (2021). Implementing inclusive education in the Philippines. College teacher experiences with deaf students. Issues in Educational Research, 31(1), 94-110. http://www.iier.org.au/iier31/dela-fuente.pdf
Durose, M. R., Cooper, A. D. & Snyder, H. N. (2014). Recidivism of prisoners released in 30 states in 2005: Patterns from 2005 to 2010. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Ferguson, C. J., San Miguel, C. & Hartley, R. D. (2009). A multivariate analysis of youth violence and aggression: The influence of family, peers, depression, and media violence. The Journal of pediatrics, 155(6), 904-908.
Firestone, P., Bradford, J. M., McCoy, M., Greenberg, D. M., Curry, S. & Larose, M. R. (1998).Recidivism in convicted rapists. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 26(2), 185-200.
Fishman, S. H. (1983). The impact of incarceration on children of offenders. Journal of Children in Contemporary Society, 15(1), 89-99.
Gau, J. M. & Brunson, R. K. (2010). Procedural justice and order maintenance policing: A study of inner‐city young men’s perceptions of police legitimacy. Justice quarterly, 27(2), 255-279.
Gendreau, P., Cullen, F. T. & Goggin, C. (1999).The effects of prison sentences on recidivism. Ottowa: Solicitor General Canada.
Gibbs, XP. (1975). Crime, Punishment and deterrence. New York: Elsevier.
Glaser Daniel. (1964). The Effectiveness of a Prison and Parole System. Indianapolis: BobbsMerrill.
Gove, W. R. (1985). The effect of age and gender on deviant behavior: A biopsychosocial perspective. Gender and the life course, 115-144.
Greenfeld, L. A. (1998). Alcohol and crime. An Analysis of National Data on the Prevalence of Alcohol Involvement in Crime. Washington DC.
Hairston, Creasie F. (1988). Family Ties During Imprisonment: Do They Influence Future Criminal Activity?Federal Probation, 52:48-52.
Hanson, R. K. & Bussiere, M. T. (1998).Predicting relapse: a meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 66(2), 348.
Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E. & Cormier, C. A. (1991).Psychopathy and violent recidivism. Law and human behavior, 15(6), 625-637.
Hauge, R. (1996). Straffens begrunnelser.Retrieved December 10, 2017 from http://www.universitets forlaget.no/nettbutikk/straffens-begrunnelser-uf.html.
Hirschi, T. (1969).Causes of delinquency. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Hirschi, T. (2002).Causes of delinquency Retrieved December 10, 2017 from http://www.Heritage.Org.
Holmes, M. D. (2000). Minority threat and police brutality: Determinants of civil rights criminal complaints in US municipalities. Criminology, 38(2), 343-368.
Howser, James, Grossmn, Jody, &Macdonald, Donald.(1984). Impact of Family Reunion Program on Institutional Discipline.Journal of Offending Counseling,8:27-36.
Joseph, S. & Linley, P. A. (2004). Positive Therapy: A Positive Psychological Theory of Therapeutic Practice. In P. A. Linley & S. Joseph (Eds.). Positive psychology in practice. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
Kubrin, C. E. & Stewart, E. A. (2006). Predicting who reoffends: The neglected role of neighborhood context in recidivism studies. Criminology, 44(1), 165-197.
Laub, J. H.& Sampson, R. J. (1993). Turning points in the life course: Why change matters to the study of crime. Criminology, 31(3), 301-325.
Lebel, T. P., Burnett, R., Maruna, S. & Bushway, S. (2008). The `Chicken and Egg’ of Subjective and Social Factors in Desistance from Crime.European Journal of Criminology, 5(2), 131– 159.
Leonard, K.K.& Decker, S.H. (1994). The theory of social control: Does it apply to the very young? Journal of Criminal Justice, 22, 89- 105.
Lilly, Robert J., Cullen, Francis T. &Ball, Richard A. (2007).Criminological Theory: Context and Consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Mallett, C. A., Fukushima, M., Stoddard-Dare, P. & Quinn, L. (2013). Factors related to recidivism for youthful offenders. Criminal Justice Studies, 26(1), 84-98.
Maruna, S. (2001). Making good. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Međedović, J., Kujačić, D. & Knežević, G. (2012).Personality-related determinants of criminal recidivism. Psihologija, 45(3), 277-294.
Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited anti-social behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100, 674–701. 24.
Moffitt, T. E. (1994). Natural histories of delinquency.In E. Weitekamp, & H. J. Kerner (Eds.), Cross-national longitudinal research on human development and criminal behavior. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Monahan, K. C., Steinberg, L.& Cauffman, E. (2009).Affiliation with antisocial peers, susceptibility to peer influence, and antisocial behavior during the transition to adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 45(6), 1520.
Nagin, D.& Paternoster, R. (2000). Population heterogeneity and state dependence: State of the evidence and directions for future research. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 16(2), 117-144.
Neuilly, M. A., Zgoba, K. M., Tita, G. E.& Lee, S. S. (2011). Predicting recidivism in homicide offenders using classification tree analysis. Homicide studies, 15(2), 154-176.
Nieuwbeerta, P., Nagin, D. S.& Blokland, A. A. (2009).Assessing the impact of first-time imprisonment on offenders’ subsequent criminal career development: a matched samples comparison. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 25(3), 227-257.
Pansag, F. J. Rosaroso, R. C., Paradiang, L. A., Labasano, F. & Lasala, G. (2016). Journey of an Ex-convict: From Conviction to Liberation. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 4(2), 21-28.
Payne, J. (2007). Recidivism in Australia: Findings and future research. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.
Priya, T. (2014).Reformative Theory of Punishment.Retrieved December 10, 2017 from https://www.lawctopus.com/academike/reformative-theory-of-punishment/.
Rose, D. R. & Clear, T. R. (1998). Incarceration, social capital, and crime: Implications for social disorganization theory. Criminology, 36(3), 441-480.
Salmond, R. (2014). Parliamentary question times: How legislative accountability mechanisms affect mass political engagement. The Journal of Legislative Studies, 20(3), 321-341.
Sampson, R. J. &Laub, J. H. (2005).A Life-Course View of the Development of Crime.Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 602:12-45.
Sampson, R. J.& Laub, J. H. (1993). Crime in the making: pathways and turning points through life. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Sampson, R. J.& Laub, J. H. (2003).Life‐course desisters? Trajectories of crime among delinquent boys followed to age 70. Criminology, 41(3), 555-592.
Sampson, R. J.& Laub, J. H. (2005). When prediction fails: From crime-prone boys to heterogeneity in adulthood. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 602(1), 73-79.
Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (2003).Desistance from crime over the life course.In Handbook of the life course, pp. 295-309.Springer, Boston, MA.
Shoemaker, D.J. (1996).Theories of delinquency: An examination of explanations of delinquent behaviour.3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
Silverman, D. (2011). Interpreting qualitative data: A guide to the principles of qualitative research.Thousand Oaks, CA:SAGE Publications Limited.
Silverman, D. (2013). Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook.Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Limited.
Stafford, M. C. & Warr, M. (1993).A reconceptualization of general and specific deterrence. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30(2), 123-135.
Tannenbaum, F. (1938).Crime and community. Boston: Ginn.
Tittle, C., Botchkovar, E. & Antonaccio, O. (2011).Criminal contemplation, national contect and deterrence.Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 27(2), 225-249.
Travis, Jeremy, and Joan Petersilia.(2001). Reentry reconsidered: A new look at an old question. Crime & Delinquency 47, (3), 291-313.
Trulson, C. R., Caudill, J. W., Haerle, D. R.& DeLisi, M. (2012).Cliqued up: The postincarceration recidivism of young gang-related homicide offenders. Criminal Justice Review, 37(2), 174-190.
Vries, A. M. & Liem, M. (2011).Recidivism of juvenile homicide offenders. Behavioral Sciences &The Law, 29(4), 483-498.
Ward, T. (2010). The good lives model of offender rehabilitation: Basic assumptions, etiological commitments, and practice implications. Offender supervision: New directions in theory, research and practice, 41-64.
Worden, R. E. (1995). TheCauses of Police Brutality: Theory and Evidence on Police Use of Force. In And Justice for All: Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force,Edited by William A. Geller,Police Executive Research Forum.
Wright, K. N. & Wright, K. E. (1994). Family Life, Delinquency, and Crime: A Policymaker's Guide. Research Summary.US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Program, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Qubahan Academic Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
