Ethical and Legal Challenges of Implementing AI in Science and Math Education in Central Asia

Authors

  • Dilfuza M.Makhmudova Faculty Dean of Math and IT, Chirchik State Pedagogical University, Chirchik City, 111147, Uzbekistan
  • Xilola R. Sharipova ​Department of International Private Law, Tashkent State University of Law, Tashkent City, 100000, Uzbekistan;
  • Nosirjon K. Hojiyev Deputy Dean Tashkent State University of Law, Uzbekistan, Tashkent City, 100000, Uzbekistan
  • Azamat E.Ergashev Department of International Private Law, Tashkent State University of Law, Tashkent City, 100000, Uzbekistan
  • Yulduzknon Kh.Satvaldieva Department of International Private Law, Tashkent State University of Law, Tashkent City, 100000, Uzbekistan
  • Khosiyat U.Mamatkulova Department of Criminal Procedural Law, Tashkent State University of Law, Tashkent City, 100000, Uzbekistan
  • Egambergan M. Khudoynazarov Department of General Sciences, Mamun University, Khiva City 220900, Uzbekistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48161/qaj.v5n3a2053

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence in Education, Ethical Challenges, Legal Frameworks, Science and Mathematics Pedagogy, Central Asia

Abstract

This study aims to examine the ethical and legal challenges associated with the integration of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd), focusing on science and mathematics teachers across Central Asia, particularly in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. A mixed-methods approach was employed. Quantitative data were collected through a structured survey from N = 341 educators, stratified by country, gender, age, and AI usage experience. The survey assessed perceptions of legal and ethical issues using a five-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis included ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and effect size calculations (Cohen’s d). Findings revealed statistically significant differences in ethical awareness levels across countries (p < .01), with Kazakhstan showing the highest average score (M = 4.12, SD = 0.67) on AI-related ethical literacy. The effect size was moderate (Cohen’s d = 0.54) when comparing gender-based ethical concerns. Additionally, 64% of respondents expressed serious concerns about student data privacy, while 71% supported the need for formal AI ethics training. Qualitative interviews (N = 18) uncovered recurring themes such as lack of legal frameworks, teacher autonomy dilemmas, and algorithmic bias in grading systems. The study highlights a critical need for policy interventions and professional development targeting ethical and legal dimensions of AIEd in post-Soviet education systems. Findings underscore the urgency of developing culturally responsive guidelines to safeguard equity, transparency, and trust in AI-driven pedagogical environments. These results contribute to the global discourse on AI in education and offer evidence-based insights for local policymakers.

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Author Biographies

Dilfuza M.Makhmudova, Faculty Dean of Math and IT, Chirchik State Pedagogical University, Chirchik City, 111147, Uzbekistan

Faculty Dean of Math and IT, Chirchik State Pedagogical University, Chirchik City, 111147, Uzbekistan;

Xilola R. Sharipova, ​Department of International Private Law, Tashkent State University of Law, Tashkent City, 100000, Uzbekistan;

PhD in Law, Senior lecturer of the Department of International Private Law of the Tashkent State University of Law

Nosirjon K. Hojiyev, Deputy Dean Tashkent State University of Law, Uzbekistan, Tashkent City, 100000, Uzbekistan

PhD in Law, Deputy Dean Tashkent State University of Law, Uzbekistan

Azamat E.Ergashev, Department of International Private Law, Tashkent State University of Law, Tashkent City, 100000, Uzbekistan

PhD in Law, Associate Professor of the Private international law department, Tashkent State University of Law, Uzbekistan

Yulduzknon Kh.Satvaldieva, Department of International Private Law, Tashkent State University of Law, Tashkent City, 100000, Uzbekistan

Senior lecturer of the Department of Private Law of the Tashkent State University of Law, PhD

Khosiyat U.Mamatkulova, Department of Criminal Procedural Law, Tashkent State University of Law, Tashkent City, 100000, Uzbekistan

Senior lecturer of the Department of Criminal Procedural Law of the Tashkent State University of Law.

Egambergan M. Khudoynazarov, Department of General Sciences, Mamun University, Khiva City 220900, Uzbekistan

Associate Professor, Department of General Sciences, Mamun University, Khiva, Uzbekistan.

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Published

2025-08-11

How to Cite

M.Makhmudova, D. ., R. Sharipova, X., K. Hojiyev, N. ., E.Ergashev, A. ., Kh.Satvaldieva, Y. ., U.Mamatkulova, K. ., & M. Khudoynazarov, E. . (2025). Ethical and Legal Challenges of Implementing AI in Science and Math Education in Central Asia. Qubahan Academic Journal, 5(3), 294–326. https://doi.org/10.48161/qaj.v5n3a2053

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025)

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2025 Qubahan Academic Journal

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