Examining the Effect of Export Restrictions on Medical Products under WTO during Covid-19 Pandemic

Authors

  • Anand Kumar Singh National Law University Jodhpur, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48161/qaj.v1n3a71

Keywords:

COVID-19; International Trade Law; WTO

Abstract

Export of medical instruments in midst of life-threatening pandemic crisis has increased significantly. However, the urgent supply of medical products faces the challenge of unprecedented protectionist restrictions introduced by several developed nations. These restrictions, introduced to avoid shortage of medical products in domestic market of such exporting countries, threaten the lives and livelihood of million others in immediate and urgent need of goods. The article examines the legality and effect of these restrictions under the extant WTO framework. Lastly, the article also highlights the necessity of international cooperation between nations to overcome partisan policies of self-interest and the imporatnce of collective efforts in this fight against a common threat. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

WTO Secretariat. (2021, February). COVID 19: Measures Affecting Trade in Goods. https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/covid19_e/trade_related_goods_measure_e.htm.

WTO Secretariat. (2020, May). Notification Pursuant To The Decision On Notification Procedures For Quantitative Restrictions- USA.

WTO Agreement: Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Apr. 15, 1994, 1867 U.N.T.S. 154, 33 I.L.M. 1144.

GATT 1994:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994, Apr. 15, 1994, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 1A, 1867 U.N.T.S. 187, 33 I.L.M. 1153. Art. XI.

Dispute Settlement Body. (2012, January). China – Measures Related to the Exportation of Various Raw Materials (WT/DS394/20).

GATT 1994. Article XI(2)(a).

Dispute Settlement Body. (2019, January). United States – Measures Concerning The Importation, Marketing And Sale Of Tuna And Tuna Products Appellate Body Report And Panel Report Pursuant To Article 21.5 Of The DSU (WT/DS381/49/Rev.1). World Trade Organisation. https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/pages/ss/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/wt/ds/381-49r1.pdf&open=true.

Appellate Body Report. (2001, October). United States – Import Prohibition Of Certain Shrimp And Shrimp Products (WT/DS58/AB/RW). World Trade Organisation. https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=Q:/WT/DS/58ABRW.pdf&Open=True.

GATT 1994. Article XX(b).

Appellate Body Report. (2007, December). Brazil – Measures Affecting Imports Of Retreaded Tyres (WT/DS332/AB/R). World Trade Organisation. https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=Q:/WT/DS/332ABR.pdf&Open=True.

Appellate Body report. (2001, March). European Communities – Measures Affecting Asbestos And Asbestos-Containing Products (WT/DS135/AB/R). World Trade Organisation. https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=Q:/WT/DS/135ABR.pdf&Open=True.

Appellate Body Report. (2000, December). Korea – Measures Affecting Imports Of Fresh, Chilled And Frozen Beef (WT/DS161/AB/R, WT/DS169/AB/R). World Trade Organisation. https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=Q:/WT/DS/169ABR.pdf&Open=True.

Aatreya, Siddhartha. (2020, April 25). Are COVID-19 Related Trade Restrictions WTO-Consistent? EJIL:TALK!. https://www.ejiltalk.org/are-covid-19-related-trade-restrictions-wto-consistent/. [14] Appellate Body Report. (1996, April). United States - Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline (WT/DS2/AB/R). World Trade Organisation.https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=Q:/WT/DS/2ABR.pdf&Open=True.

GATT 1994. Article XX Chapeau.

WTO Secretariat. (2020, April 23). Export Prohibitions and Restrictions- Information Note. https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/covid19_e/export_prohibitions_report_e.pdf.

Council for Trade in Goods. (2012, July). Decision On Notification Procedures For Quantitative Restrictions (G/L/59/Rev.1). World Trade Organisation. https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/FE_Search/FE_S_S009DP.aspx?language=E&CatalogueIdList=100295,8140,7504,24647,5803&CurrentCatalogueIdIndex=0&FullTextHash=

World Trade Organisation Secretariat. (2020, September). How WTO Members have used Trade Measures to Expedite Access to Covid-19 Critical Medical Goods And Services. https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/covid19_e/services_report_16092020_e.pdf

Agreement on Agriculture, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 1A, 1867 U.N.T.S. 410, Article 12.

Post, T. J. (2020, May 15). G20 vows to avoid “unnecessary” trade barriers. The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/05/15/g20-vows-to-avoid-unnecessary-trade-barriers.html

Published

2021-06-15

How to Cite

Kumar Singh, A. (2021). Examining the Effect of Export Restrictions on Medical Products under WTO during Covid-19 Pandemic. Qubahan Academic Journal, 1(3), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.48161/qaj.v1n3a71

Issue

Section

Articles