Campus Commons: Analysis of IIT Patna’s Public open Spaces

Nazish Abid; Mazharul  Haque

doi:10.48161/qaj.v4n3a916

Authors

Nazish Abid Department of Architecture and Planning, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar 800005, India.
Mazharul Haque Department of Architecture and Planning, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar 800005, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48161/qaj.v4n3a916

Abstract

The Public open spaces offer amenities including areas for social interaction and physical activity, which are crucial for the overall wellness of society and the enhancement of living quality. Many studies on POSs have been conducted in developed countries (the US, Australia, and Europe, particularly Germany, Spain, and France). POSs for the Indian context haven't been thoroughly studied, though. Using importance-performance analysis (IPA), this study attempts to investigate the role and effectiveness of public open spaces on the campus of National Institute of Technology, Patna, India. It has been noted that stakeholders' perceptions of the importance & satisfaction, from the use of public open spaces within the IIT Patna campus, varies. Consequently, this study could be useful in determining the importance and satisfaction of public open spaces, enabling the prioritization of these areas in order to enhance management and restore them in order to accomplish environmental sustainability locally. Furthermore, this study recommends that public open spaces' benefits to education, recreation, & the environment be taken into account by those in authority over campus planning early on.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Mogra, S., & Furlan, R. (2017). Sustainable urbanism view project transit-oriented development interface with existing city fabric in Qatar view project.

Hanan, H. (2013). Open space as meaningful place for students in ITB campus. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 85, 308–317.

Abid, N., & Haque, M. (2024). Exploring and assessing user perception and preferences for open spaces in a university campus: A case study of IIT Roorkee, India. New Design Ideas, 8(2).

Carr, S., Francis, M., G. R. L., & M. S. A. (1992). Public space. Cambridge University Press.

Gehl, J. (2011). Life between buildings: Using public space. Island Press.

Dong, W., Wu, J., Chen, Y., & Zhou, X. (2023). A bibliometric review of research on the perceptions of campus public spaces. MDPI.

Klaufus, C., van Lindert, P., van Noorloos, F., & Steel, G. (2017). All-inclusiveness versus exclusion: Urban project development in Latin America and Africa. Sustainability, 9(11), 2038.

Hami, A., & Abdi, B. (2021). Students’ landscaping preferences for open spaces for their campus environment. Indoor and Built Environment, 30(1), 87–98.

Francis, J., Giles-Corti, B., Wood, L., & Knuiman, M. (2012). Creating sense of community: The role of public space. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32(4), 401–409.

Bedimo-Rung, A. L., Mowen, A. J., & Cohen, D. A. (2005). The significance of parks to physical activity and public health. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(2), 159–168.

Ribeiro, H., de S. Santana, K. V., & Oliver, S. L. (2024). Natural environments in university campuses and students’ well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(4), 413.

Kaplan, R., & Kaplan, S. (The Experience of). Retrieved from b-ok.xyz.

Sun, N., Liu, W., & Zheng, Z. (2023). Campus outdoor environment, learning engagement, and the mental health of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: From the perspective of students in different grades. Front Public Health, 11.

Gill, S. E., Handley, J. F., Ennos, A. R., & Pauleit, S. (2007). Adapting cities for climate change: The role of the green infrastructure. Built Environment, 33(1), 115–133.

Louv, R. (2008). Last child in the woods: Saving our children from nature-deficit disorder (2008th ed.). Algonquin Books.

Manifesty, O. R., & Lee, G. (2024). The impacts of perceived access to public open spaces on non-physical well-being: Focused on international graduate students in Seoul. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 1–16.

Karade, R. M., Kuchi, V. S., & Kabir, J. (2017). The role of green space for sustainable landscape development in urban areas. Acta Horticulturae, 1181, 73–76.

Matsuoka, R. H., & Kaplan, R. (2008). People needs in the urban landscape: Analysis of landscape and urban planning contributions. Landscape and Urban Planning, 84(1), 7–19.

de Vries, S., Verheij, R. A., Groenewegen, P. P., & Spreeuwenberg, P. (2003). Natural environments—healthy environments? An exploratory analysis of the relationship between greenspace and health. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 35(10), 1717–1731.

Farid, M., Mohamed, S., Nasr, S., & Assistant, T. (n.d.). Keywords-academic open spaces (AOS), social health, physical health, mental health. Retrieved from iol.co.za

Panjwani, T. (2017). Higher education in India. Retrieved from UKIBC

Nagendra, H., & Gopal, D. (2010). Street trees in Bangalore: Density, diversity, composition and distribution. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 9(2), 129–137.

Scholl, K. G., & Gulwadi, G. B. (n.d.). Recognizing campus landscapes as learning spaces.

Lau, S. S. Y., Gou, Z., & Liu, Y. (2014). Healthy campus by open space design: Approaches and guidelines. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 3(4), 452–467.

Afusi, Z. A., Zarghami, E., & Mahdinejad, J. (n.d.). Online) an open access. Retrieved from cibtech.org

Tao, Y., Lau, S. S. Y., Gou, Z., Zhang, J., & Tablada, A. (2019). An investigation of semi-outdoor learning spaces in the tropics: Spatial settings, thermal environments and user perceptions. Indoor and Built Environment, 28(10), 1368–1382.

McFarland, A. L., Waliczek, T. M., & Zajicek, J. M. (2008). The relationship between student use of campus green spaces and perceptions of quality of life. HortTechnology, 18(2), 232–238.

Bratman, G. N., Hamilton, J. P., & Daily, G. C. (2012). The impacts of nature experience on human cognitive function and mental health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1249(1), 118–136.

Meleisea, E., & UNESCO Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education. (n.d.). Happy schools!: A framework for learner well-being in the Asia-Pacific.

Zhang, J., & Li, Y. (2023). The impact of campus outdoor space features on students’ emotions based on the emotion map. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5).

Das, M., & Das, A. (2019). Dynamics of urbanization and its impact on urban ecosystem services (UESS): A study of a medium size town of West Bengal, Eastern India. Journal of Urban Management, 8(3), 420–434.

Williams, T. G., Logan, T. M., Zuo, C. T., Liberman, K. D., & Guikema, S. D. (2020). Parks and safety: A comparative study of green space access and inequity in five US cities. Landscape and Urban Planning, 201, 103841.

Said, M., & Tempels, B. (2023). Challenges in managing public space: Insights from public space management practice. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 1–20.

Nasreldin, R., & Ibrahim, A. (2024). Toward a framework for the design of fair shared open spaces: Case study of Effat University, Jeddah. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research.

Bahriny, F., & Bell, S. (2021). Traditional versus modern? Perceptions and preferences of urban park users in Iran. Sustainability, 13(4), 2036.

Działek, J., Homiński, B., Miśkowiec, M., Świgost-Kapocsi, A., & Gwosdz, K. (2023). The assessment of the quality of campus public spaces as key parts of the learning landscape: Experience from a crowdsensing study on the third campus of Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland. Urban Design International.

Sundaram, A. M. (2011). Urban green-cover and the environmental performance of Chennai city. Environmental Development and Sustainability, 13(1), 107–119.

Nagendra, H., Nagendran, S., Paul, S., & Pareeth, S. (2012). Graying, greening and fragmentation in the rapidly expanding Indian city of Bangalore. Landscape and Urban Planning, 105(4), 400–406.

Bharath, H. A., Vinay, S., Chandan, M. C., Gouri, B. A., & Ramachandra, T. V. (2018). Green to gray: Silicon Valley of India. Journal of Environmental Management, 206, 1287–1295.

Budruk, M., Thomas, H., & Tyrrell, T. (2009). Urban green spaces: A study of place attachment and environmental attitudes in India. Society & Natural Resources, 22(9), 824–839.

Ahirrao, P., & Khan, S. (2021). Assessing public open spaces: A case of city Nagpur, India. Sustainability, 13(9), 4997.

Martilla, J. A., & James, J. C. (1977). Importance-performance analysis. Journal of Marketing, 41(1), 77–79.

Seng Wong, M., Hideki, N., & George, P. (2011). The use of importance-performance analysis (IPA) in evaluating Japan’s e-government services. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 6(2), 5–6.

Lo, A. Y., & Jim, C. Y. (2015). Community attachment and resident attitude toward old masonry walls and associated trees in urban Hong Kong. Cities, 42, 130–141.

Rey-Valette, H., Mathé, S., & Salles, J. M. (2017). An assessment method of ecosystem services based on stakeholders' perceptions: The rapid ecosystem services participatory appraisal (RESPA). Ecosystem Services, 28, 311–319.

Hua, J., & Chen, W. Y. (2019). Prioritizing urban rivers’ ecosystem services: An importance-performance analysis. Cities, 94, 11–23.

Chen, W. Y., & Hua, J. (2017). Heterogeneity in resident perceptions of a bio-cultural heritage in Hong Kong: A latent class factor analysis. Ecosystem Services, 24, 170–179.

Lee, H.-S. (2015). Measurement of visitors’ satisfaction with public zoos in Korea using importance-performance analysis. Tourism Management, 47, 251–260.

Boley, B. B., McGehee, N. G., & Hammett, A. L. T. (2017). Importance-performance analysis (IPA) of sustainable tourism initiatives: The resident perspective. Tourism Management, 58, 66–77.

Baird, G. (2001). Post-occupancy evaluation and probe: A New Zealand perspective. Building Research & Information, 29(6), 469–472.

Zimmerman, A., & Martin, M. (2001). Post-occupancy evaluation: Benefits and barriers. Building Research & Information, 29(2), 168–174.

Zalejska-Jonsson, A. (2012). Evaluation of low-energy and conventional residential buildings from occupants’ perspective. Building and Environment, 58, 135–144.

Cole, R. J. (2010). Green buildings and their occupants: A measure of success. Building Research & Information, 38(5), 589–592.

Ning, Y., & Chen, J. (2016). Improving residential satisfaction of university dormitories through post-occupancy evaluation in China: A socio-technical system approach. Sustainability, 8(10), 1050.

Jiboye, A. D. (2012). Post-occupancy evaluation of residential satisfaction in Lagos, Nigeria: Feedback for residential improvement. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 1(3), 236–243.

Jones, R. V., Goodhew, S., & de Wilde, P. (2016). Measured indoor temperatures, thermal comfort and overheating risk: Post-occupancy evaluation of low energy houses in the UK. Energy Procedia, 88, 714–720.

Martinez-Molina, A., Boarin, P., Tort-Ausina, I., & Vivancos, J.-L. (2018). Assessing visitors’ thermal comfort in historic museum buildings: Results from a post-occupancy evaluation on a case study. Building and Environment, 132, 291–302.

Shawesh, R., & Mohamed, M. (2021). Post-occupancy evaluation of outdoor thermal comfort in hot arid zone. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 16(1), 50–60.

Sanni-Anibire, M. O., & Hassanain, M. A. (2016). Quality assessment of student housing facilities through post-occupancy evaluation. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 12(5), 367–380.

Addas, A. (2022). Exploring the pattern of use and accessibility of urban green spaces: Evidence from a coastal desert megacity in Saudi Arabia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(37), 55757–55774.

Addas, A., Maghrabi, A., & Goldblatt, R. (2021). Public open spaces evaluation using importance-performance analysis (IPA) in Saudi universities: The case of King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Sustainability, 13(2), 915.

Bansal, S., Bansal, V., & Abid, N. (2024). Are the gated mass high-rise housing developments liveable? A case of Ahmedabad, India. pp. 207–223.

Ward Thompson, C., Roe, J., Aspinall, P., Mitchell, R., Clow, A., & Miller, D. (2012). More green space is linked to less stress in deprived communities: Evidence from salivary cortisol patterns. Landscape and Urban Planning, 105(3), 221–229.

Jennings, V., Larson, L., & Yun, J. (2016). Advancing sustainability through urban green space: Cultural ecosystem services, equity, and social determinants of health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(2), 196.

Mandeli, K. (2019). Public space and the challenge of urban transformation in cities of emerging economies: Jeddah case study. Cities, 95, 102409.